Discovering Pullman National Monument
Designated as a National Monument in 2015, Pullman National Monument preserves the historic Pullman District in Chicago. This area originated as a company town for the Pullman Company, renowned for manufacturing railroad cars from the mid-19th to mid-20th century. Pullman gained fame for creating the sleeper car, and the site has been recognized as a Historic Place since 1969.
The Legacy of the Pullman Company
Pullman National Monument showcases one of the first planned industrial towns in the United States. George M. Pullman, an engineer, and industrialist, conceptualized and created the first sleeper car after enduring an uncomfortable journey across New York State. Founded in 1862, the Pullman “Palace Car” Company specialized in luxurious sleeper cars that were widely used across American railways. Pullman even developed unique wheels to minimize travel noise, making “Pullman” synonymous with sleeper cars for many years.
The Pullman Company Town
Originally situated outside Chicago, George Pullman purchased 4,000 acres to establish his factory and company town. He saw the opportunity to create a community that would enhance employee well-being and industrial productivity. Designed with approximately 1,300 housing units, these spacious brick row homes were a significant upgrade from the tenement housing many employees were used to. The town’s rent aimed for a 6% profit above construction and operational costs, housing up to 8,000 residents at its peak.
Decline of the Pullman Company and Town
Eventually, Chicago annexed the Pullman community, but the dream of a profitable, successful town faded. As demand for sleeper cars diminished, the company was forced to cut hours and wages, yet rents remained unchanged to maintain town profitability. This led to a strike in 1894, spreading disruptions nationwide. The strike prompted President Grover Cleveland to deploy the Army, highlighting the power of unionization. Later, the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, a union for African American workers, was founded, marking a significant step in the recognition and respect for African American labor.
Sites to Explore at Pullman National Monument
Visitors can explore various historic buildings at Pullman National Monument:
Administration-Clock Tower Building
Address: 11001 S. Cottage Grove Ave, Chicago, IL 60628
The iconic Administration Clock Tower Building, constructed in 1881, served as the administrative heart of the site. After a devastating fire in 1998, it now functions as the visitor center.
Historic Pullman Foundation Pullman Exhibit Hall
Address: 11141 S Cottage Grove Ave, Chicago, IL 60628
This exhibit hall offers insights into Pullman’s history and African American heritage, with knowledgeable volunteers and informative displays.
Hotel Florence
Address: 11111 S. Forrestville Ave., Chicago, IL
Built in 1881 and named after George Pullman’s daughter, this historic hotel was saved from demolition by the Historic Pullman Foundation in 1975.
Greenstone Church
Address: 11211 South St. Lawrence St. Chicago, IL 60628
Featuring distinctive green stone from Pennsylvania, this Methodist church, built in 1882, remains largely unchanged.
Pullman Homes
Originally 1,300 in number, these row homes are now privately owned, with protected facades to maintain their historical appearance.
Philip Randolph Pullman Porter Museum
Address: 10406 S. Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60628
Founded in 1995, this museum chronicles the history of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters and the contributions of African American workers.
Exploring Pullman National Monument
A visit to Pullman National Monument is an enriching experience. The grounds are beautiful and the buildings fascinating, even if some like the Hotel Florence are currently closed. Be prepared for ongoing renovations, but don’t let that deter you from exploring this historically significant area.
Practical Information
Address:
610 E. 111th Street, Chicago, IL 60628
Hours:
The park is open daily from 9:00 am to 5:00 pm, though you can explore the outdoor areas anytime.
Visitor Centers:
– Administration Clock Tower Building Visitor Center: Recently renovated, check for current status.
– Historic Pullman Foundation Pullman Exhibit Hall: Offers exhibits and a film on Pullman’s history, staffed by rangers and volunteers.
Fees:
Free
National Park Passport Stamp:
Available at the visitor centers.
Getting There:
Located on the South Side of Chicago near Lake Calumet.
– From the East: Take I-94W to exit 66 towards 111th Street, then right onto S. Cottage Grove Drive.
– From the West: Take I-94E to exit 66A for 111th St, then right onto S. Cottage Grove Drive.
Whether you’re a history buff or a National Park enthusiast, Pullman National Monument offers a compelling glimpse into America’s industrial past.
