Theodore Roosevelt National Park has a rich history, starting many years ago as Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Park. While memorial parks can feel a bit unusual, transforming it into a national park has proven to be a perfect fit. This park guards a vast expanse of the rugged North Dakotan badlands.
Why the Park is Named for Theodore Roosevelt
In 1883, Theodore Roosevelt ventured into the North Dakotan badlands and was captivated by its harsh beauty. He returned frequently, even investing in a ranch, the Maltese Cross Cabin. These experiences deeply influenced him long before his days as Governor of New York and eventually President of the United States. Following the tragic passing of his wife, Roosevelt sought solace in North Dakota, further cementing his bond with the area. His time in the wild west became synonymous with his robust image, leading to the land being preserved as a national park in his honor.
When Was Theodore Roosevelt National Park Established?
Before becoming a national park, the area underwent extensive surveying and development by the Civilian Conservation Corps, which built many of the roads and trails we see today. In 1946, it was designated as the Theodore Roosevelt National Wildlife Refuge. By 1951, it was renamed Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Park, the first and only memorial park managed by the National Park System, before finally earning the title of National Park in 1978.
The Layout of the National Park
Theodore Roosevelt National Park spans two distinct units: the North and South Units. The North Unit’s entrance is located about 15 miles south of Watford City via Route 85, while the South Unit’s entrance is near Medora off Interstate 94. These units are around 70 miles apart, with no internal road connecting them. You can hike between them, but you’ll need a backcountry permit, and much of the area is designated as wilderness, so don’t expect any amenities.
Best Times to Visit Theodore Roosevelt National Park
The park welcomes visitors year-round, weather permitting. With around 600,000 visitors annually, it is less crowded than many other national parks. Summer is the busiest season, as schools are on break and all facilities are open. Winter offers solitude but snow can sometimes make roads impassable. Spring is rainy, so plan accordingly. Fall, particularly September, is ideal due to mild weather and fewer crowds.
Weather in Theodore Roosevelt National Park
North Dakota’s weather can be extreme, and the park experiences both freezing winters and scorching summers. Winter temperatures can drop below -10°F, while summer highs can reach over 100°F. The best weather generally occurs between mid-May and October, though spring can be unpredictable with potential for late snowfalls and even tornadoes.
Notable Places in Theodore Roosevelt National Park
The park offers diverse experiences, from wildlife viewing to scenic drives and hikes. The South Unit’s loop road is popular, featuring various overlooks and trails such as the Oxbow Overlook and Painted Canyon Nature Trail.
# North Unit Highlights
– Cannonball Concretions: Fascinating rock spheres formed by mineral-rich water seeping into the porous badlands.
– River Bend Overlook: Offers a stunning view over the Little Missouri River, featuring a historic shelter built by the CCC in the 1930s.
– Oxbow Overlook: Located at the end of the North Unit road, it provides beautiful vistas and various trails.
# South Unit Highlights
– Painted Canyon Area: Accessed from I-94, featuring a visitor center and numerous trails through striking badland formations.
– Prairie Dog Town: Scattered throughout the South Unit, often near the loop road, and frequented by bison.
– Peaceful Valley Ranch: The only remaining original ranch in the park, with historic buildings and trails starting from here.
– Maltese Cross Cabin: Original ranch cabin of Theodore Roosevelt, now located near the South Unit Visitor Center, with ranger-led tours.
– Coal Vein Nature Trail: Offers unique views of exposed coal veins that occasionally catch fire, adding a dramatic touch to the landscape.
– Boicourt Overlook: Provides expansive views of the badlands and is an easy stop along the loop road.
Hiking in Theodore Roosevelt National Park
The park features numerous hiking trails suitable for various fitness levels, from short strolls to challenging backcountry treks. Permits for backcountry hikes are free and available at the visitor centers.
# North Unit Trails
– Oxbow Overlook: A brief, 0.2-mile walk offering excellent badlands views.
– Sperati Point Trail: A 1.5-mile trail leading to scenic overlooks of the Missouri River.
– Achenbach Trail: A demanding 18-mile hike needing considerable preparation, offering a solitary experience.
# South Unit Trails
– Elkblom & Big Plateau Loop: A moderate 5.2-mile hike showcasing the park’s landscape and wildlife.
– Painted Canyon Trail: Highlights the badlands’ unique features with a 4-mile trail and a shorter 1-mile nature trail.
– Wind Canyon Trail: A short 0.5-mile loop with beautiful views over the Little Missouri River.
Wildlife in Theodore Roosevelt National Park
The park is a haven for wildlife enthusiasts. You’re likely to encounter:
– Bison: The park houses around 600 bison, important for their historic significance and ecological role.
– Black-tailed Prairie Dogs: These sociable creatures can be seen in several “dog towns” throughout the park.
– Elk: Reintroduced in 1985, they are now thriving in the badlands.
– Birds: Over 185 bird species inhabit the park, including eagles, turkeys, owls, and cranes.
Two-Day Itinerary for Theodore Roosevelt National Park
# Day 1: North Unit
– Drive through the park road, stopping at key points like Cannonball Concretions and overlooks like River Bend.
– Hike trails such as Sperati Point Trail.
# Stay: Camp at Juniper Campground or book a hotel in Watford City.
# Day 2: South Unit
– Start early to beat the crowds. Consider a hike on the Big Plateau Loop near Peaceful Valley Ranch.
– Drive the loop road, stopping at overlooks and sites like Painted Canyon.
– Lunch in Medora, exploring the town.
– Afternoon hike on trails near Painted Canyon Visitor Center.
# Stay: Camp at Cottonwood Campground or a hotel in Medora or Dickinson.
Additional Exploration and Camping
Consider spending extra days exploring more hikes or camping at Cottonwood Campground in the South Unit and Juniper Campground in the North Unit.
Lodging near Theodore Roosevelt National Park
There are no hotels within the park, but several options are available in nearby towns.
# North Unit:
– The Watford and Little Missouri Inn & Suites Watford City offer convenient lodging.
# South Unit:
– Rough Riders Hotel and AmericInn by Wyndham Medora are popular choices.
– Hawthorn Suites and TownePlace Suites by Marriott in Dickinson offer additional options.
Basic Information and Visitor Centers
– North Unit Visitor Center: 208 Scenic Dr, Watford City, ND.
– South Unit Visitor Center: 201 East River Road N, Medora, ND.
– Painted Canyon Visitor Center: Exit 32, Hwy 94, ND.
Entrance Fees
– Private Vehicle: $30
– Motorcycle: $25
– Individual: $15
– Theodore Roosevelt NP Annual Park Pass: $55
For multiple park visits, consider the America the Beautiful Pass for $80.
Theodore Roosevelt National Park is an incredible place to explore the rugged beauty and rich history of North Dakota’s badlands. Enjoy your adventure!
For more detailed information or additional questions, feel free to reach out!
